New or improved PBL parameterizations will lead to improving the accuracy of atmospheric models and forecasts such as for precipitation lead time.

Continue to advocate for U.S. industry interests affecting commercial space activities, including exports, and support and participate in discussions surrounding a framework for novel activities in space.

The NWS Partnership Strategy aims to improve the overall NWS partnership experience, enhance and develop new ways of leveraging and using partnership capabilities to help realize the NWS vision for a Weather-Ready Nation and understand the landscape of NWS partnerships and develop a clear strategic vision of which key partnerships we are looking to enhance or develop. To that end, the NWS will convene at least 3 national-level stakeholder/partner meetings to help meet the goals of the NWS Partnership strategy.

The Argo program is responsible for providing real-time data for the upper 2000m of ocean heat content globally and for important regions like the Tropical Pacific for detection of El Nino.

Seasonal outlooks are used by sectors of the U.S. economy, such as energy, agriculture, transportation, etc. as one factor in resource decision making. Seasonal outlooks are reported as the probability of temperature being above normal, near normal, below normal or, where no definite seasonal guidance can be provided, equal chances. The seasonal outlooks are the cumulative skill calculated for regions where predictions are made. These forecasts are verified using a 48 month running mean of Heidke Skill score computed for seasonal outlooks for each 3-month seasonal mean (e.g., January-February-March mean; February-March-April mean; March-April-May mean; and so on).

Continue to advocate for U.S. industry interests affecting commercial space activities, including exports, and support and participate in discussions surrounding a framework for novel activities in space.

The measure captures the number of events that have documented NWS use of the Warn-on-Forecast System (WoFS) experimental model runs demonstrated real-time tornado warnings and have provided actionable guidance issued at least one hour in advance of the event.

The NWS Partnership Strategy aims to improve the overall NWS partnership experience, enhance and develop new ways of leveraging and using partnership capabilities to help realize the NWS vision for a Weather-Ready Nation and understand the landscape of NWS partnerships and develop a clear strategic vision of which key partnerships we are looking to enhance or develop. To that end, the NWS will convene at least 3 national-level stakeholder/partner meetings to help meet the goals of the NWS Partnership strategy.

This measures the number of Cooperative Research and Development Agreements (CRADAs) executed. A CRADA is a written agreement between a private company and NOAA to work together on a project. A CRADA allows NOAA and non-Federal partners to optimize their resources, share technical expertise in a protected environment, share intellectual property emerging from the effort, and speed the commercialization of NOAA developed technology. The CRADA, which is not an acquisition or procurement vehicle, is designed to be a relatively easy mechanism to implement, requiring less time and effort to initiate than previous methods for working with non-government organizations.

Total number of model projects using machine learning techniques and technologies to improve understanding, simulation, projection and representation of the Earth System.